A new species of the genus Dendrophryniscus is described from Reserva Biológica da Serra Geral, Municipality of Maquiné, and Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra, Municipality of Cambará do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Dendrophryniscus krausae sp. nov. is associated to the D. brevipollicatus group and is characterized by its medium size for the genus (snout-vent length 19.2–21.2 mm in males, 20.4–24.0 mm in females); body robust, slightly enlarged posteriorly; finger I short, robust, and in males with moderate nuptial pad of minuscule dark brown horny asperities; presence of few small granules, dispersed on upper eyelid surfaces; and external margin of upper eyelid weakly prominent.